His father, Nicolas Chopin, was a Frenchman from Lorraine who had emigrated to Poland in 1787 at the age of sixteen. However, the composer and his family used the birthdate 1 March, which is now generally accepted as the correct date. The parish baptismal record, which is dated 23 April 1810, gives his birthday as 22 February 1810, and cites his given names in the Latin form Fridericus Franciscus (in Polish, he was Fryderyk Franciszek). Life Early life Childhood Chopin's birthplace in Żelazowa Wolaįrédéric Chopin was born in Żelazowa Wola, 46 kilometres (29 miles) west of Warsaw, in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw, a Polish state established by Napoleon. It hosts the International Chopin Piano Competition, a prestigious competition devoted entirely to his works. Among his many memorials is the Fryderyk Chopin Institute, which was created by the Parliament of Poland to research and promote his life and works. His works remain popular, and he has been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying historical fidelity. His innovations in style, harmony, and musical form, and his association of music with nationalism, were influential throughout and after the late Romantic period.Ĭhopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest celebrities, his indirect association with political insurrection, his high-profile love life, and his early death have made him a leading symbol of the Romantic era. Bach, Mozart, and Schubert, and the atmosphere of the Paris salons, of which he was a frequent guest. Among the influences on his style of composition were Polish folk music, the classical tradition of J. S.
Chopin's major piano works include mazurkas, waltzes, nocturnes, polonaises, the instrumental ballade (which Chopin created as an instrumental genre), études, impromptus, scherzi, preludes, and sonatas, some published only posthumously. His piano pieces are technically demanding and expanded the limits of the instrument his own performances were noted for their nuance and sensitivity. They are mostly for solo piano, though he also wrote two piano concertos, some chamber music, and 19 songs set to Polish lyrics. He died in Paris in 1849 at the age of 39, probably of pericarditis aggravated by tuberculosis.Īll of Chopin's compositions include the piano. For most of his life, Chopin was in poor health. In his final years, he was supported financially by his admirer Jane Stirling, who also arranged for him to visit Scotland in 1848. A brief and unhappy visit to Mallorca with Sand in 1838–39 would prove one of his most productive periods of composition. Chopin formed a friendship with Franz Liszt and was admired by many of his other musical contemporaries, including Robert Schumann.Īfter a failed engagement to Maria Wodzińska from 1836 to 1837, he maintained an often troubled relationship with the French writer Aurore Dupin (known by her pen name George Sand). He supported himself by selling his compositions and by giving piano lessons, for which he was in high demand. Thereafter – in the last 18 years of his life – he gave only 30 public performances, preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon.
A child prodigy, he completed his musical education and composed his earlier works in Warsaw before leaving Poland at the age of 20, less than a month before the outbreak of the November 1830 Uprising. Ĭhopin was born in Żelazowa Wola in the Duchy of Warsaw and grew up in Warsaw, which in 1815 became part of Congress Poland.
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He has maintained worldwide renown as a leading musician of his era, one whose "poetic genius was based on a professional technique that was without equal in his generation". Frédéric François Chopin (born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849) was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic period, who wrote primarily for solo piano.
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